See bustrofedon on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ine-pro"
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{
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
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"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "bustrofedoniczny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"adj": "bustrofedoniczny"
},
"expansion": "bustrofedon m inan (related adjective bustrofedoniczny)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bus‧tro‧fe‧don"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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]
}
],
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"args": {
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
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"orig": "pl:Epigraphy",
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"boustrophedon (text written such that its direction alternates on each line, resulting in a continuous stream of characters spanning multiple lines; frequently also involving the corresponding alternation of letter directionality using mirrored letters, indicating the direction of the text at any given point)"
],
"id": "en-bustrofedon-pl-noun-~D2RLxMJ",
"links": [
[
"epigraphy",
"epigraphy"
],
[
"boustrophedon",
"boustrophedon#English:_text"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"alternate",
"alternate"
],
[
"continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"mirror",
"mirror"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(epigraphy) boustrophedon (text written such that its direction alternates on each line, resulting in a continuous stream of characters spanning multiple lines; frequently also involving the corresponding alternation of letter directionality using mirrored letters, indicating the direction of the text at any given point)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "bustrofedonicznie"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"epigraphy",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bus.trɔˈfɛ.dɔn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛdɔn"
}
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
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{
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"2": "fr",
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{
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"2": "grc",
"3": "βουστροφηδόν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *gʷṓws\nBorrowed from French boustrophédon, from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "bustrofedon n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"gpd": "bustrofedonelor",
"gpi": "bustrofedone",
"gsd": "bustrofedonului",
"gsi": "bustrofedon",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "bustrofedonele",
"npi": "bustrofedone",
"nsd": "bustrofedonul",
"nsi": "bustrofedon",
"vp": "bustrofedonelor",
"vs": "bustrofedonule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
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"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
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"name": "Epigraphy",
"orig": "ro:Epigraphy",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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],
"id": "en-bustrofedon-ro-noun-~D2RLxMJ",
"links": [
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"epigraphy"
],
[
"boustrophedon",
"boustrophedon#English:_text"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
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[
"alternate",
"alternate"
],
[
"continuous",
"continuous"
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[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"mirror",
"mirror"
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],
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"(epigraphy) boustrophedon (text written such that its direction alternates on each line, resulting in a continuous stream of characters spanning multiple lines; frequently also involving the corresponding alternation of letter directionality using mirrored letters, indicating the direction of the text at any given point)"
],
"tags": [
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],
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"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "bustrofedon m (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bus‧tro‧fe‧don"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bus‧tro‧fe‧don"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bustrófedon"
}
],
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"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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},
{
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],
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],
"id": "en-bustrofedon-es-noun-bILHGWOR",
"links": [
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"bustrófedon",
"bustrófedon#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
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"alternative",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bustɾoˈfedon/"
},
{
"ipa": "[bus.t̪ɾoˈfe.ð̞õn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-edon"
}
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
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{
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"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *gʷṓws\nLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón).",
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{
"form": "bustrofedoniczny",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "bustrofedon m inan (related adjective bustrofedoniczny)",
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}
],
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"bus‧tro‧fe‧don"
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{
"parts": [
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"tags": [
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],
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}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Polish 4-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *gʷṓws",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛdɔn",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛdɔn/4 syllables",
"pl:Epigraphy"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"epigraphy",
"epigraphy"
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[
"boustrophedon",
"boustrophedon#English:_text"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"alternate",
"alternate"
],
[
"continuous",
"continuous"
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[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
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"directionality"
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[
"mirror",
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],
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"(epigraphy) boustrophedon (text written such that its direction alternates on each line, resulting in a continuous stream of characters spanning multiple lines; frequently also involving the corresponding alternation of letter directionality using mirrored letters, indicating the direction of the text at any given point)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"epigraphy",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bus.trɔˈfɛ.dɔn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛdɔn"
}
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
}
{
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{
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"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *gʷṓws\nBorrowed from French boustrophédon, from Ancient Greek βουστροφηδόν (boustrophēdón).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bustrofedonule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "bustrofedon n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "bustrofedonelor",
"gpi": "bustrofedone",
"gsd": "bustrofedonului",
"gsi": "bustrofedon",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "bustrofedonele",
"npi": "bustrofedone",
"nsd": "bustrofedonul",
"nsi": "bustrofedon",
"vp": "bustrofedonelor",
"vs": "bustrofedonule"
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *gʷṓws",
"Romanian uncountable nouns",
"ro:Epigraphy"
],
"glosses": [
"boustrophedon (text written such that its direction alternates on each line, resulting in a continuous stream of characters spanning multiple lines; frequently also involving the corresponding alternation of letter directionality using mirrored letters, indicating the direction of the text at any given point)"
],
"links": [
[
"epigraphy",
"epigraphy"
],
[
"boustrophedon",
"boustrophedon#English:_text"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
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[
"alternate",
"alternate"
],
[
"continuous",
"continuous"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"directionality",
"directionality"
],
[
"mirror",
"mirror"
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],
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"(epigraphy) boustrophedon (text written such that its direction alternates on each line, resulting in a continuous stream of characters spanning multiple lines; frequently also involving the corresponding alternation of letter directionality using mirrored letters, indicating the direction of the text at any given point)"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"epigraphy",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "bustrofedon m (uncountable)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bus‧tro‧fe‧don"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bus‧tro‧fe‧don"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "bustrófedon"
}
],
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/edon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/edon/4 syllables",
"Spanish 4-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of bustrófedon"
],
"links": [
[
"bustrófedon",
"bustrófedon#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bustɾoˈfedon/"
},
{
"ipa": "[bus.t̪ɾoˈfe.ð̞õn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-edon"
}
],
"word": "bustrofedon"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bustrofedon meaning in All languages combined (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.